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Study of Chinese Learners' Pedagogical Choices in Korean In addition to learner-internal influences, CLKs' awareness of pragmatic resistance and the relationship advantages they were able to draw from were significant. The RIs from TS & ZL for instance mentioned their relationship with their local professor as a major factor in their decision to stay clear of criticising a strict prof (see the example 2). This article reviews all local published practical research on Korean up to 2020. It focuses on pragmatic core topics such as: Discourse Construction Tests The discourse completion test is a common tool in the field of pragmatic research. It has many advantages but it also has its drawbacks. The DCT, for example, is unable to account for cultural and individual differences. Additionally, the DCT is susceptible to bias and could result in overgeneralizations. This is why it should be analyzed carefully before using it for research or assessment purposes. Despite its limitations the DCT is a useful instrument to study the relationship between prosody, information structure and non-native speakers. Its ability to use two or more stages to influence social variables related to politeness is a plus. This feature can be used to study the impact of prosody in different cultural contexts. In the field linguistics, DCT is one of the most effective tools to analyze the communication habits of learners. It can be used to study numerous issues, like politeness, turn-taking, and lexical choices. It can be used to determine the level of phonological sophistication in learners in their speech. A recent study employed an DCT to assess EFL students' refusal skills. Participants were presented with a variety of scenarios to choose from and then asked to choose the appropriate response. The authors found that the DCT was more effective than other refusal measures that included a questionnaire as well as video recordings. However, the researchers cautioned that the DCT should be used with caution and should include other data collection methods. 프라그마틱 홈페이지 can be developed using specific linguistic criteria, such as form and content. These criteria are intuitive and based upon the assumptions of test creators. They may not be correct, and they could be misleading about the way ELF learners actually refuse requests in actual interactions. This issue calls for further study on alternative methods for testing refusal competence. In a recent study DCT responses to student requests via email were compared to the responses of an oral DCT. The results revealed that DCTs favored more direct and traditionally indirect request forms and utilized less hints than email data. Metapragmatic Questionnaires (MQs) This study investigated Chinese learners their pragmatic choices when they use Korean. It used various tools for experimentation such as Discourse Completion Tasks, metapragmatic questions and Refusal Interviews. Participants were 46 CLKs of upper-intermediate ability who provided responses to DCTs and MQs. They were also asked to provide reflections on their assessments and refusals in RIs. The results indicated that the CLKs were more likely to reject native Korean pragmatic norms, and their choices were influenced by four main factors: their identities, their multilingual identities, their ongoing life histories, and relational benefits. These findings have implications for L2 Korean assessment and teaching. The MQ data were examined to determine the participants' pragmatic choices. The data were classified according to Ishihara (2010)'s definition of pragmatic resistance. Then, we compared the selections with their linguistic performance on the DCTs to determine if they were indicative of pragmatic resistance. Interviewees were also required to explain why they chose an atypical behavior in certain situations. The findings of the MQs and DCTs were then analysed using descriptive statistics and z-tests. The CLKs were found use euphemistic terms such as “sorry” or “thank you”. This was probably due to their lack of experience with the target languages, which led to an insufficient knowledge of korean's pragmatic norms. The results revealed that CLKs' preference for converging to L1 norms or diverging from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms differed based on the DCT situations. For instance, in Situations 3 and 12 the CLKs would prefer to diverge from both L1 and L2 pragmatic norms, whereas in Situation 14, they favored converging to L1 norms. The RIs also revealed the CLKs were aware of their pragmatism in every DCT situation. The RIs were conducted one-toone within two days after participants had completed the MQs. The RIs, which were recorded and transcribed by two coders who were independent, were then coded. The coders worked in an iterative manner, with the coders re-reading and discussing each transcript. The coding results are then evaluated against the original RI transcripts to determine if they accurately portrayed the underlying behavior. Interviews with Refusal The key problem in the field of pragmatic research is: Why do some learners refuse to accept native-speaker norms? A recent study sought to answer this question by using a variety of experimental instruments, including DCTs MQs, DCTs, and RIs. Participants included 44 CLKs and 46 CNSs from five Korean Universities. Participants were asked to complete the DCTs and MQs either in their L1 or L2. Then they were invited to a RI where they were asked reflect on their responses to the DCT situations. The results showed that, on average, the CLKs resisted native-speaker pragmatic norms in over 40% of their answers. 프라그마틱 슬롯버프 did this even though they were able to produce patterns that resembled native speakers. They were aware of their practical resistance. They attributed their choice to learner-internal factors like their personalities and multilingual identities. They also referred to external factors, like relationship advantages. They outlined, for instance how their interactions with their professors helped them to perform more comfortably in terms of the linguistic and cultural standards of their university. However, the interviewees also expressed concerns about the social pressures and penalties that they could be subjected to if they strayed from their social norms. They were concerned that their native counterparts might perceive them as “foreignersand consider them unintelligent. This worry was similar to the one expressed by Brown (2013) and Ishihara (2009). These findings suggest that native-speaker pragmatic norms are no longer the default preference of Korean learners. They may remain useful as a model for official Korean proficiency tests. Future researchers should consider reassessing the usefulness of these tests in various cultural contexts and specific situations. This will allow them to better understand the impact of different cultural contexts on the pragmatic behavior and classroom interactions of L2 students. This will also aid educators develop better methods for teaching and testing Korean pragmatics. Seukhoon Paul Choi, principal advisor at Stratways Group in Seoul, is a geopolitical risk consulting. Case Studies The case study method is an investigational strategy that relies on participant-centered, deep investigations to explore a specific subject. It is a method that makes use of multiple data sources to back up the findings, such as interviews or observations, documents and artifacts. This type of investigation is ideal for studying complicated or unique subjects that are difficult to quantify using other methods. In a case study, the first step is to clearly define both the subject and the goals of the study. This will allow you to identify what aspects of the subject are important to investigate and which aspects can be left out. It is also helpful to review the existing literature to gain a general knowledge of the subject and place the situation in a larger theoretical context. This case study was based upon an open-source platform called the KMMLU Leaderboard [50], along with its benchmarks for Koreans, HyperCLOVA X, and LDCC Solar (figure 1 below). The results of this study revealed that L2 Korean learners were extremely dependent on the influence of native models. They tended to choose wrong answers which were literal interpretations. This was a deviance from accurate pragmatic inference. They also showed a distinct tendency to add their own text or “garbage” to their responses. This lowered the quality of their responses. The participants in this study were L2 Korean students who had achieved level four on the Test of Proficiency in Korean TOPIK in their third or second year of university and were hoping to attain level six on their next attempt. They were asked to answer questions regarding their WTC/SPCC, as well as pragmatic awareness and comprehension. Interviewees were presented with two scenarios involving an interaction with their co-workers and asked to select one of the strategies below to employ when making a demand. They were then asked to explain the reasoning behind their choice. The majority of participants attributed their pragmatism to their personalities. TS, for example, claimed that she was difficult to approach and would not inquire about her interlocutor's well-being when they were working at a high rate, even though she believed native Koreans would.